- Genetics is the study of heredity and traits being passed from parents to offspring through genes. - Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance, observing that traits can be dominant or recessive. - Through his experiments, Mendel determined that individuals have two alleles for each trait, and that for recessive traits to be expressed, an individual must be homozygous for the recessive allele.

1. Genetics the study of heredity

9. Step 3: Set up the punnett square with one parent on each side Step 4: Fill out the punnett square middle G g g g gg gg gg gg Gg G g G g G g g g g g g g Gg Gg gg gg Gg G g g g

11. Practice-Monohybrid Crosses Cross an individual with blue eyes with an individual with homozygous brown eyes. Brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue eyes (b). Phenotypes: Genotypes: B B b b

12. Cross an individual with blue eyes with an individual with homozygous brown eyes. Brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue eyes (b). Phenotypes: All Brown Eyes Genotypes: All Bb B B b Bb Bb b Bb Bb

13. Practice-Monohybrid Crosses A child is diagnosed with a recessive genetic disease. Neither parent has the disease. What are the genotypes of the parents? Phenotypes: Genotypes: N ? ? nn N

14. A child is diagnosed with a recessive genetic disease. Neither parent has the disease. What are the genotypes of the parents? Genotypes of the parents are Nn N n n Nn nn N NN nn

20. Practice: Cross a Type AB with a Type O. AB x OO A B O AO BO O AO BO 1. Set up punnett square with one parent on each side 2. Fill out the punnett square middle What are the possible blood types of the four offspring? Genotype Blood Type 2 AO 2 Type A 2 BO 2 Type B